"부채 위기와 기후 행동: 지속 가능한 미래를 위한 아프리카의 호소"

기후 변화에 맞서 싸우는 과정에서 세계는 종종 간과되는 위기, 특히 아프리카의 많은 가난한 국가들이 직면한 엄청난 부채 부담에 주의를 기울여야 합니다. 서방은 야심찬 기후 복원력 프로젝트를 호소하지만, 부채 문제를 해결하는 것이 진전을 위한 전제 조건임을 이해하는 것이 필수적입니다.

지난 3년 동안 채무 불이행에 직면했거나 경험한 52개 저소득 및 중간 소득 국가 중 23개국이 아프리카에 위치해 있습니다. 아프리카 대륙의 부채 위기는 팬데믹의 여파, 치솟는 연료 및 식량 가격, 금리 상승, 기후로 인한 재앙으로 인한 경제 약화 및 채권자 상환 능력 저하 등 통제할 수 없는 요인으로 인해 발생하고 있습니다.

팬데믹 기간 동안 부유한 국가들은 수조 달러를 경제에 투입한 반면, 아프리카 정부는 더 많은 부채를 축적하는 데 의존했습니다. 안타깝게도 이러한 비용이 많이 드는 접근 방식은 2023년에 아프리카의 부채 상환액을 35% 증가시켜 무려 620억 달러에 달할 것으로 예상됩니다.

현재 아프리카의 부채 상환 비용은 기후 복원력 투자에 필요한 연간 약 500억 달러를 넘어섰습니다. 이러한 투자는 단순한 사치품이 아니라 최근 리비아에서 발생한 사건에서 알 수 있듯이 극심한 기후, 집중호우, 홍수의 위협을 견딜 수 있는 인프라를 구축하는 데 필수적입니다.

그러나 아프리카는 기후 위기에 대처하기 위한 자금을 지원받는 대신 기후 재난 이후 재건을 위해 선진국보다 최대 8배나 높은 이자율로 막대한 차입금을 조달하고 있습니다. 해결책은 분명합니다. 아프리카는 점점 더 극한 기후에 취약해지는 세계에 대비하기 위해 부채 상환을 일시 중단해야 합니다. 다가오는 마라케시에서 열리는 국제통화기금과 세계은행의 연례 회의는 이 위기를 해결하기 위한 적절한 플랫폼을 제공합니다.

국제 금융 시스템은 세계에서 가장 빈곤한 국가를 보호하고 금융 불안을 방지하기 위해 설계되었습니다. 그러나 거의 80년 전 브레턴우즈에서 시작된 이래 세계는 크게 발전했습니다. 이제 브레턴우즈 체제는 낡고 비효율적이며 불공정합니다. 브레턴우즈 체제가 만든 제도가 오늘날의 도전에 비해 너무 작고 제한적이기 때문에 시대에 뒤떨어집니다. 기후 변화와 같은 시급한 문제에 즉각적으로 대응하지 못하기 때문에 비효율적입니다. 가난한 국가를 차별하기 때문에 불공정합니다. 세계은행과 IMF가 기후 변화에 대응하기 위해 대출 정책을 조정하고 있지만, 더 중요한 조치가 필요하며 시간이 얼마 남지 않았습니다.

#기후변화, #부채위기, #아프리카, #지속가능한개발, #기후회복력, #글로벌금융, #환경보전, #부채탕감, #국제협력, #담비키퍼, #그린키퍼, #꿀벌마을이야기, #기후이야기, #환경이야기, #탄소이야기

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