캘리포니아의 원자력 발전소와 캘리포니아 주 에너지 경제에 미치는 영향

캘리포니아의 원자력 발전 환경 살펴보기

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인구와 지리적 다양성으로 유명한 캘리포니아주는 막대한 에너지 수요를 충족해야 하는 독특한 과제에 직면해 있습니다. 캘리포니아는 미국 전체 전력 소비량에서 텍사스주에 이어 2위를 차지하는데, 이는 웅장하면서도 에너지 소비량이 많은 것으로 유명한 텍사스주에 이어 두 번째입니다. 캘리포니아의 에너지 포트폴리오는 다양한 발전 방식을 자랑하며, 그 중 하나가 바로 원자력 발전입니다. 이 글에서는 캘리포니아에 있는 두 개의 원자력 발전소와 전체 에너지 경제에 미치는 영향에 초점을 맞춰 캘리포니아의 원자력 발전 환경에 대해 자세히 살펴봅니다.

캘리포니아의 두 원자력 발전소

캘리포니아에는 현재 두 개의 원자력 발전소가 있지만 한 곳은 가동 중이고 다른 한 곳은 폐로 절차를 시작했습니다. 각 시설과 에너지 생산량, 위치를 살펴보겠습니다.

디아블로 캐년 발전소

샌프란시스코와 로스앤젤레스 사이에 위치한 샌 루이스 오비스포 카운티의 해안선을 따라 위치한 디아블로 캐년 발전소는 캘리포니아주에서 유일하게 가동 중인 원자력 시설로, 캘리포니아주에서 가장 큰 무탄소 전력 공급원 역할을 하고 있습니다.

발전소는 두 개의 가압 경수로가 공동으로 2,240메가와트의 전력을 생산하는 섹션으로 나뉘어 있습니다. 놀랍게도 이 용량은 캘리포니아 전체 인구의 약 3%에 해당하는 300만 명 이상에게 전기를 공급할 수 있는 양입니다. 일부 보고서에 따르면 캘리포니아 주 전력 수요의 최대 9%까지 생산할 수 있다고 합니다.

이 발전소는 잠재적인 환경 영향에 대한 우려로 인해 상당한 반대와 법적 문제를 겪은 후 1985년에 가동을 시작했으며, 이러한 문제는 현재까지도 지속되고 있습니다. 캘리포니아 최대 에너지 공급업체인 퍼시픽 가스 앤 일렉트릭(PG&E)이 디아블로 캐년 발전소를 소유하고 운영합니다. 두 원자로에 대한 라이선스는 2024년과 2025년에 만료될 예정이지만, 현재 진행 중인 정치적 상황이 결과에 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다.

2016년에 PG&E는 발전소 면허를 갱신하지 않겠다고 발표했으며 2025년까지 발전소를 폐쇄할 계획이었습니다. 수많은 정치 및 환경 단체가 이 발전소의 폐쇄를 지지했지만 다른 운명에 직면했습니다. 개빈 뉴섬 주지사는 이미 긴장된 환경에서 전력망의 손실 흡수 능력에 대한 우려를 언급하며 발전소 가동을 5년 더 연장하기 위해 연방 기금을 요청할 의사를 표명했습니다.

산 오노프레 원자력 발전소

캘리포니아의 두 번째 원자력 시설인 샌 오노프레 원자력 발전소(약칭 "SONGS")는 샌디에이고 카운티 해안에 위치해 있습니다. 2013년에 영구 폐쇄되기 전까지 캘리포니아 주에서 두 번째로 가동 중인 원자력 발전소였습니다. 발전소 폐쇄 결정은 일련의 기술적 문제와 안전 문제에서 비롯되었으며, 이를 해결하는 데 상당한 비용이 발생했습니다. 이 시설은 두 개의 원자로로 구성되어 총 2,200메가와트의 전력을 생산했습니다.

이 발전소의 역사는 1968년에 가동을 시작하여 1992년에 첫 번째 원자로가 폐기되는 등 광범위합니다. 이 발전소의 소유권은 남부 캘리포니아 에디슨(SCE), 샌디에이고 가스 앤 일렉트릭(SDG&E), 리버사이드 시에서 공유했습니다. 두 원자로의 라이센스는 2022년에 만료될 예정이었지만, 이 기한 이전에 폐로 절차가 시작되었습니다.

2012년 증기 발생기 중 하나에서 누출이 감지된 후 발전소 전체가 오프라인 상태가 되었습니다. 이후 테스트 결과 2010년과 2011년에 이미 교체를 완료한 이 발전기에서 심각한 설계 결함이 발견되었습니다. 발전기 교체와 관련된 막대한 비용 때문에 2013년에 발전소를 폐기하기로 결정했습니다. 현재 산 오노프레 원자력 발전소는 최소 15년에 걸쳐 약 51억 달러가 소요될 것으로 예상되는 폐로 절차를 밟고 있습니다.

원자력 발전소 폐로 비용

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