The Battle of North Macedonia's Beekeepers Against Climate Change
Nestled in the picturesque hills of Stence, North Macedonia, Magda Miloseska has spent over two decades nurturing honeybees. However, what was once a joyous pursuit has become an uphill battle against climate change and its devastating effects on local bee populations.
Situated at an altitude of 650 meters, Stence faces soaring temperatures, which now exceed 30 degrees Celsius in June—three degrees higher than usual—according to the state meteorological office.
"In the past, beekeeping was much easier," reflects 63-year-old Miloseska. "Beekeeping was a treat."
Impact of Climate Change: The changing climate has not only made beekeeping more challenging but has also threatened the bees themselves. Miloseska notes that where beekeepers once harvested 30-50 kilograms of honey per hive, they now struggle to produce even 30 kilograms in ideal conditions. This decrease has driven honey prices up significantly, from 10 euros to between 15 and 20 euros per jar.
Vladimir Petroski, who tends to 120 beehives, shares her concerns. "Climate change has fueled the rise of parasites and viruses, impacting both wild and honeybee populations," he says. "Beekeepers must educate themselves and adapt to these changing conditions."
Efforts and Challenges: North Macedonia's beekeepers are not alone in their struggle. Regional beekeepers' associations are promoting best practices and organizing honey festivals to raise awareness. However, these efforts have not been matched by government action. The agriculture ministry's response has been limited to monitoring bee behavior, despite calls from environmental groups to address intensive agriculture, pesticide use, and pollution.
Frosina Pandurska Dramikjanin of the Macedonian Ecological Society emphasizes the need for more coordinated efforts. "Without shared data and actionable recommendations, it's difficult to implement effective measures against climate change," she explains.
The Role of Bees: A recent report by the United Nations Environmental Programme highlights the critical role bees play in global food production and biodiversity. Out of the 100 crop species that provide 90 percent of all food consumed worldwide, 71 are pollinated by bees.
Conclusion: As North Macedonia's beekeepers continue their fight against climate change, the stakes are high not only for honey production but also for global food security. With coordinated efforts and governmental support, there is hope that these challenges can be mitigated, ensuring a sustainable future for beekeeping and the environment.
FAQs
Why is climate change affecting honey production? Climate change has led to warmer temperatures, which increase the prevalence of diseases and parasites that affect bee populations. This has resulted in decreased honey production and higher prices.
What can beekeepers do to adapt? Beekeepers are educating themselves on new practices and adapting to the changing micro-climates in which they work. They are also participating in regional beekeepers' associations to promote good practices and organize events like honey festivals.
Why are bees important for food production? Bees play a critical role in pollinating 71 out of 100 crop species that provide 90 percent of the world's food. Their decline threatens global food security and biodiversity.
