Tick-borne diseases: Increase and prevention of hepatozoon infection
A young puppy with anemia recently came in for care. Upon examination, it was determined that the puppy had a hepatozoon and babesia infection. The puppy was likely infected through its mother's dog, and with the recent spike in hepatozoon and babesia cases, it's important to be aware of ticks.
The difference between hepatozoon and babesia
Hepatozoon is a tick-borne schistosome and has a different mode of transmission than babesiosis. While babesia is spread by the bite of an infected tick, hepatozoon is transmitted by ingesting an infected tick. The protozoan enters the body through the digestive tract, where it parasitizes multiple organs and white blood cells. Fortunately, the species of hepatozoon found in the United States is Hepatozoon canis, which causes relatively mild symptoms.
Routes of infection and symptoms
Hepatozoon infection can be transmitted to the placenta through mother-to-child transmission, and can also be transmitted through sexual contact or blood transfusion. Once infected, symptoms typically include anemia, fever, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Because these symptoms are similar to those of Babesia infections, further testing is required for an accurate diagnosis.
Diagnosis and treatment
Diagnosing a hepatozoon infection requires blood tests, specifically a blood smear and PCR test to confirm the presence of the protozoan. Treatment usually consists of medication, including antiprotozoal drugs, and may require hospitalization to relieve symptoms, with blood transfusions if necessary. The earlier treatment is given, the better the chances of recovery, so if you notice any suspicious symptoms, you should consult your veterinarian immediately.
How to prevent
Prevention of tick-borne diseases is paramount. It is essential to administer external de-worming medication and conduct regular health checks. It's a good idea to bathe your puppy frequently and check him after going outside. If you suspect an infection, you should consult your veterinarian immediately to take appropriate action. Even if you've just adopted a puppy, it's recommended to get him tested if you suspect any symptoms.
In conclusion, tick-borne diseases are best prevented. Keeping your precious pet healthy requires careful management.
